幽燕西亞
YUYENCIA
忠贞教会图集
忠贞教会（Loyalty Church），一般被外人称为“地下教会”，因其不属于中国大陆政府官方认可的爱国会管辖范围内，宗教活动通常是不对外公开，在非教堂的民房里秘密进行的，故被称为“地下”。
而这一不寻常的教会状况始于共产党在1950年代夺得大陆地区统治权以后，所推行的独立自办、脱离罗马教廷、拥护共党权威的宗教政策。因当时服从共党这一宗教政策的教会神职，配合其进行自选自圣主教的行为，被教廷宣布自科绝罚，相关人员均被逐出教会。这些人员所组成的宗教团体以服务共党的统治为根本，故而已不再属于罗马天主教的一部分，成为事实裂教，如同英国圣公会的情况。在后来的语境里，这一宗教团体被一些教友称为“公开教会”或“地上教会”、“官办教会”等，而亦有很多教友则根本不承认其为教会，故而只称其为爱国会或“爱鬼会的”以表蔑视。
而坚持忠于罗马圣座，拒不服从共党宗教政策的一批神职，在此后的二十多年里包括文革时期一直都在秘密举行圣事，维护此前的圣统延续，故而他们以“忠贞”自称。起初这批忠贞神职与教友所组成的教会团体分散各处，并没有相对统一的组织。到了80年代初，以保定教区范学淹主教为首，开创了整个大陆地区内的第二代忠贞教会，也就是为各教区秘密祝圣新主教，恢复修院，培养年轻一代圣召，继续传教，将教会圣统从维护转为振兴。当时整个大陆地区的忠贞教会大本营就在河北，特别是保定的东闾圣地，以此为基地，全国各地大多数的教区都陆续恢复了教会圣统。忠贞教会的黄金时代是在80年代中后期，以易县教区刘冠东主教与陕西三原教区张刚毅神父联合举办的大陆地区忠贞教会首次主教大会为代表，即“三原会议”。当时拥有一定人身自由的忠贞教会领袖均赴会，会上成立了大陆主教团，代表了忠贞教会的有组织化。在此后日益壮大的忠贞教会便遭到了中国政府的严厉镇压，大量教会神职被捕，甚至因拒不妥协而殉道，包括此前忠贞教会的最高领袖范学淹主教。
而到了90年代中后期，随着教廷对中共态度的转变，忠贞教会迅速地衰落。因当时的教廷已经放弃了此前对爱国会的严厉批评立场，转而寻求合作，开始对中共妥协。以2007年教宗本笃十六世发给大陆教会的牧函为代表，其中要求大陆教会合一，虽然他并未指明是地上合一到地下，还是相反。但因当时的局势，此后许多原忠贞教会的神职转为了公开，陆续获得了中共政府的认可，开始在爱国会领证上班。而对爱国会主教，教廷又延续了已开始数年来的宽容立场，只要这些非法主教寻求宽免，教廷便会对其认可，而且此后又发展出双重认可的模式，一般就是先自选自圣，或先通报教廷，然后教廷追加认可。而反对教廷这妥协立场的原忠贞教会神职，则对教廷宣扬的所谓合一不予理会，仍然延续范学淹主教开创的模式，其中以正定教区的董冠华神父为代表，在2016年他公布了在十多年前自己被某位老主教秘密祝圣为正定教区主教的消息，事后中共政府和教廷均不承认他的主教身份。这一事件也代表着旧的忠贞教会将会彻底退出历史。
【保定教区】：
范学淹主教：
陈建章主教：
苏志民主教：
东闾朝圣：
1995年东闾朝圣：
1995年5月24日东闾朝圣者大礼弥撒
张大鹏会长葬礼：
马靖远神父葬礼：2017年12月
追思已亡者瞻礼教友在墓地：
东闾忠贞教会祈祷所：
东闾附近地下教会祈祷所：
徐水安庄祈祷所：
2015年5月22日徐水安庄祈祷所遭拆除：
【易县教区】：
周善夫主教：
刘冠东主教：
师恩祥主教：
1995年5月21日
刘书和主教：
宋维礼主教：
涞水南高洛教友2001年：
【北平总教区】：
裴尚德总主教：
【天津教区】：
李思德主教：
石鸿祯主教：
传统拉丁弥撒在天津：
【宣化教区】：
赵振东主教：
赵克勋主教：
【西湾子教区】：
姚良主教：
郝进礼主教：
【安国教区】：
刘棣芬主教：
【献县教区】：
李振荣主教：
李振荣主教遗像：
【正定教区】：
贾志国主教：
油通忠贞教会教友：
董冠华神父时期：
董冠华主教时期：
2014/08/05-油通：
Photo by Gilles Sabrie-Light Rocket-via Getty Images
YUTONG, HENAN, CHINA – 2014/08/05: The prayer room at the home of Father Dong, an “underground” catholic priest. Millions of Catholics in China outside the patronage of the government controlled Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association. These “underground” catholic who recognized the Vatican as the only religious authority when it comes to their faith, are under the threat of harassment and imprisonment by the Chinese. authorities. (Photo by Gilles Sabrie/LightRocket via Getty Images)
YUTONG, HENAN, CHINA – 2014/08/05: Parishioners of Father Dong’s “underground” Catholic church have started to gather for the daily evening mass held in a yard. Not belonging to the Chinese Patriotic association, they don’t have a real church for the gathering. Currently they have no place to go and have chosen this open air yard for the services. Millions of Catholics in China outside the patronage of the government controlled Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association. These “underground” catholic who recognized the Vatican as the only religious authority when it comes to their faith, are under the threat of harassment and imprisonment by the Chinese. authorities. (Photo by Gilles Sabrie/LightRocket via Getty Images)
YUTONG, HENAN, CHINA – 2014/08/05: Parishioners of Father Dong’s “underground” Catholic church have started to gather for the daily evening mass held in a yard. Not belonging to the Chinese Patriotic association, they don’t have a real church for the gathering. Currently they have no place to go and have chosen this open air yard for the services. Millions of Catholics in China outside the patronage of the government controlled Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association. These “underground” catholic who recognized the Vatican as the only religious authority when it comes to their faith, are under the threat of harassment and imprisonment by the Chinese authorities. (Photo by Gilles Sabrie/LightRocket via Getty Images)
YUTONG, HENAN, CHINA – 2014/08/05: Parishioners of Father Dong’s “underground” Catholic church have started to gather for the daily evening mass held in a yard. Not belonging to the Chinese Patriotic association, they don’t have a real church for the gathering. Currently they have no place to go and have chosen this open air yard for the services. Millions of Catholics in China outside the patronage of the government controlled Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association. These “underground” catholic who recognized the Vatican as the only religious authority when it comes to their faith, are under the threat of harassment and imprisonment by the Chinese. authorities. (Photo by Gilles Sabrie/LightRocket via Getty Images)
YUTONG, HENAN, CHINA – 2014/08/05: A follower of Father Dong’s “underground” Catholic church praying during the daily evening mass held in a yard. Not belonging to the Chinese Patriotic association, they don’t have a real church for the gathering. Currently they have no place to go and have chosen this open air yard for the services. Millions of Catholics in China outside the patronage of the government controlled Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association. These “underground” catholic who recognized the Vatican as the only religious authority when it comes to their faith, are under the threat of harassment and imprisonment by the Chinese. authorities. (Photo by Gilles Sabrie/LightRocket via Getty Images)
YUTONG, HENAN, CHINA – 2014/08/05: Followers of Father Dong’s “underground” Catholic church praying during the daily evening mass held in a yard. Not belonging to the Chinese Patriotic association, they don’t have a real church for the gathering. Currently they have no place to go and have chosen this open air yard for the services. Millions of Catholics in China outside the patronage of the government controlled Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association. These “underground” catholic who recognized the Vatican as the only religious authority when it comes to their faith, are under the threat of harassment and imprisonment by the Chinese. authorities. (Photo by Gilles Sabrie/LightRocket via Getty Images)
YUTONG, HENAN, CHINA – 2014/08/05: Followers of Father Dong’s “underground” Catholic church praying during the daily evening mass held in a yard. Not belonging to the Chinese Patriotic association, they don’t have a real church for the gathering. Currently they have no place to go and have chosen this open air yard for the services. Millions of Catholics in China outside the patronage of the government controlled Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association. These “underground” catholic who recognized the Vatican as the only religious authority when it comes to their faith, are under the threat of harassment and imprisonment by the Chinese. authorities. (Photo by Gilles Sabrie/LightRocket via Getty Images)
YUTONG, HENAN, CHINA – 2014/08/05: Followers of Father Dong’s “underground” Catholic church praying during the daily evening mass held in a yard. Not belonging to the Chinese Patriotic association, they don’t have a real church for the gathering. Currently they have no place to go and have chosen this open air yard for the services. Millions of Catholics in China outside the patronage of the government controlled Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association. These “underground” catholic who recognized the Vatican as the only religious authority when it comes to their faith, are under the threat of harassment and imprisonment by the Chinese. authorities. (Photo by Gilles Sabrie/LightRocket via Getty Images)
YUTONG, HENAN, CHINA – 2014/08/05: A follower of Father Dong’s “underground” Catholic church praying during the daily evening mass held in a yard. Not belonging to the Chinese Patriotic association, they don’t have a real church for the gathering. Currently they have no place to go and have chosen this open air yard for the services. Millions of Catholics in China outside the patronage of the government controlled Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association. These “underground” catholic who recognized the Vatican as the only religious authority when it comes to their faith, are under the threat of harassment and imprisonment by the Chinese authorities. (Photo by Gilles Sabrie/LightRocket via Getty Images)
YUTONG, HENAN, CHINA – 2014/08/05: Followers of Father Dong’s “underground” Catholic church praying during the daily evening mass held in a yard. Not belonging to the Chinese Patriotic association, they don’t have a real church for the gathering. Currently they have no place to go and have chosen this open air yard for the services. Millions of Catholics in China outside the patronage of the government controlled Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association. These “underground” catholic who recognized the Vatican as the only religious authority when it comes to their faith, are under the threat of harassment and imprisonment by the Chinese authorities. (Photo by Gilles Sabrie/LightRocket via Getty Images)
YUTONG, HENAN, CHINA – 2014/08/05: Followers of Father Dong’s “underground” Catholic church praying during the daily evening mass held in a yard. Not belonging to the Chinese Patriotic association, they don’t have a real church for the gathering. Currently they have no place to go and have chosen this open air yard for the services. Millions of Catholics in China outside the patronage of the government controlled Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association. These “underground” catholic who recognized the Vatican as the only religious authority when it comes to their faith, are under the threat of harassment and imprisonment by the Chinese. authorities. (Photo by Gilles Sabrie/LightRocket via Getty Images)
YUTONG, HENAN, CHINA – 2014/08/05: Father Dong an “underground” Catholic priest, who has so far refused to join the Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association, unlike most Catholic clerics in the region, celebrating the daily mass held in a yard. He doesn’t have a real church for the gathering has chosen this open air yard for the celebrations. Millions of Catholics in China outside the patronage of the government controlled Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association. These “underground” catholic who recognized the Vatican as the only religious authority when it comes to their faith, are under the threat of harassment and imprisonment by the Chinese authorities. (Photo by Gilles Sabrie/LightRocket via Getty Images)
YUTONG, HENAN, CHINA – 2014/08/05: Followers of Father Dong’s “underground” Catholic church praying during the daily evening mass held in a yard. Not belonging to the Chinese Patriotic association, they don’t have a real church for the gathering. Currently they have no place to go and have chosen this open air yard for the services. Millions of Catholics in China outside the patronage of the government controlled Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association. These “underground” catholic who recognized the Vatican as the only religious authority when it comes to their faith, are under the threat of harassment and imprisonment by the Chinese. authorities. (Photo by Gilles Sabrie/LightRocket via Getty Images)
YUTONG, HENAN, CHINA – 2014/08/05: A follower of Father Dong’s “underground” Catholic church praying during the daily evening mass held in a yard. Not belonging to the Chinese Patriotic association, they don’t have a real church for the gathering. Currently they have no place to go and have chosen this open air yard for the services. Millions of Catholics in China outside the patronage of the government controlled Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association. These “underground” catholic who recognized the Vatican as the only religious authority when it comes to their faith, are under the threat of harassment and imprisonment by the Chinese. authorities. (Photo by Gilles Sabrie/LightRocket via Getty Images)
YUTONG, HENAN, CHINA – 2014/08/05: Father Dong an “underground” Catholic priest, who has so far refused to join the Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association, unlike most catholic clerics in the region, giving the holy communion to some of his followers during the daily mass held in a yard. He doesn’t have a real church for the gathering has chosen this open air yard for the celebrations. Millions of Catholics in China outside the patronage of the government controlled Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association. These “underground” catholic who recognized the Vatican as the only religious authority when it comes to their faith, are under the threat of harassment and imprisonment by the Chinese authorities. (Photo by Gilles Sabrie/LightRocket via Getty Images)
YUTONG, HENAN, CHINA – 2014/08/05: Father Dong an “underground” Catholic priest, who has so far refused to join the Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association, unlike most catholic clerics in the region, giving the holy communion to some of his followers during the daily mass held in a yard. He doesn’t have a real church for the gathering has chosen this open air yard for the celebrations. Millions of Catholics in China outside the patronage of the government controlled Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association. These “underground” catholic who recognized the Vatican as the only religious authority when it comes to their faith, are under the threat of harassment and imprisonment by the Chinese authorities. (Photo by Gilles Sabrie/LightRocket via Getty Images)
YUTONG, HENAN, CHINA – 2014/08/05: Followers of Father Dong’s “underground” Catholic church praying during the daily evening mass held in a yard. Not belonging to the Chinese Patriotic association, they don’t have a real church for the gathering. Currently they have no place to go and have chosen this open air yard for the services. Millions of Catholics in China outside the patronage of the government controlled Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association. These “underground” catholic who recognized the Vatican as the only religious authority when it comes to their faith, are under the threat of harassment and imprisonment by the Chinese. authorities. (Photo by Gilles Sabrie/LightRocket via Getty Images)
YUTONG, HENAN, CHINA – 2014/08/05: The daily mass celebrated by Father Dong’s “underground” Catholic Church, with a follower of Father Dong bringing back the crucifix inside a private home. Millions of Catholics in China outside the patronage of the government controlled Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association. These “underground” catholic who recognized the Vatican as the only religious authority when it comes to their faith, are under the threat of harassment and imprisonment by the Chinese. authorities. (Photo by Gilles Sabrie/LightRocket via Getty Images)
2016/03/20油通圣枝主日：
Adam Dean-Panos
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2016/03/27油通复活节：
Adam Dean-Panos
2016/12/11油通
路透社：Thomas Peter
A woman arrives for Sunday service at a makeshift, tin-roofed church in Youtong village, China, December 11, 2016. Picture taken December 11, 2016. REUTERS/Thomas Peter
Pei Ronggui, an 81-year-old retired bishop waits to take confession from members of the congregation before Sunday service at an unofficial catholic church in Youtong village, Hebei Province, China, December 11, 2016. Picture taken December 11, 2016. REUTERS/Thomas Peter
People attend Sunday service at a makeshift, tin-roofed church in Youtong village, Hebei Province, China, December 11, 2016. Picture taken December 11, 2016. REUTERS/Thomas Peter
People attend Sunday service at a makeshift, tin-roofed church in Youtong village, China, December 11, 2016. Picture taken December 11, 2016. REUTERS/Thomas Peter
Men attend Sunday service at a makeshift, tin-roofed church in Youtong village, China, December 11, 2016. Picture taken December 11, 2016. REUTERS/Thomas Peter
People attend Sunday service at a makeshift, tin-roofed church in Youtong village, China, December 11, 2016. Picture taken December 11, 2016. REUTERS/Thomas Peter
People attend a Sunday service at a makeshift, tin-roofed church in Youtong village, Hebei Province, China, December 11, 2016. Picture taken December 11, 2016. REUTERS/Thomas Peter
A man holds a rosary during Sunday service at a makeshift, tin-roofed church in Youtong village, Hebei Province, China, December 11, 2016. Picture taken December 11, 2016. REUTERS/Thomas Peter
【赵县教区】：
王宠林主教：
【顺德教区】：
肖立人主教：
【永年教区】：
韩鼎祥主教：
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【烟台教区】：
高可贤主教：
【三原教区】：
张刚毅神父：
老奶奶在親聖像。1998，陕西三原县
奶奶和孫子在迎接神父。1997，陕西三原县
【周至教区】：
周维道主教葬礼：
范玉飞主教：
領聖體的奶奶。1998，周至县
十字山上的告解。1998，陕西周至县
【凤翔教区】：
李镜峰主教：
教友們抬著主教進村過年。2000，陕西太白县
教区拉丁弥撒
方济各会
唱聖歌。1996，陕西凤翔县
【延安教区】：
窯洞中的彌撒。1999，陕西延安
窯洞里的彌撒。1998，陕西延安
窯洞中的葬礼。1999，陕西延安
神父為一位單獨的老人做彌撒。1998，陕西榆林
神父为山乡里的教友行圣事。1999，陕西榆林
神父教畫圣號。1999，陕西榆林
一位殘疾的老人在領聖體。1997，陕西靖边县
神父在山里一户教民家中做弥撒。1998，陕西靖边县
神父降福。1994，陕西靖边县
陕西未知教区的：
陕西 1992主日中的教友
陕西 1992露天弥撒中的朝圣者
陕西 1992告解
陕西 1992家庭弥撒
家庭弥撒, 陕西
陕西1995纪念耶穌诞生的神父和教友
陕西 1995
陕西 1994为病人降福的神父
陕西 1992为病人送圣体的神父和教友
陕西 1992为老妇人祈祷的神父和教友
陕西 1994临终的老妇人和教友们
陕西1995为亡者祈祷的教友们
陕西1995走在传教路上的方济各会修士
【天水教区】：
王弥禄主教：
【秦州教区】：
李新生主教：
家庭弥撒前的告解, 甘肃, 中国
【上海教区】：
龚品梅枢机：
教宗若望保禄二世与龚枢机
1985年玫瑰月龚品梅主教假释后第一次到佘山献祭
1987年2月7日圣母献耶稣于圣殿庆日
范忠良主教：
【福州总教区】：
叶而适总主教：
【福宁教区】：
谢仕光主教：
